Servo motors in metalworking CNC machines

CNC metalworking is one of the most commonly used forms of machining on the market. Some of the most common types of metal CNC machines include: CNC milling machines, CNC lathes, CNC plasma cutters and many more. Within the scope of this article, we will introduce you to Servo motors in metalworking CNC machines.

1. Overview of metalworking CNC machines

CNC is a machine that operates based on automatic control through an intelligent computer system. These machines will cut the surface of the material to "turn" it into products with exact specifications, in accordance with customer requirements.

When using CNC machines in metal processing, businesses will reduce labor costs. Just one person to control and operate the cutting machine to create the right finished products is to solve the limitations that traditional cutting machines cannot do.

CNC cutting machines are equipped with the most modern and accurate machining technology available today. Metal sheets such as iron, steel plates... are easily processed while still ensuring smooth, precise cuts and very high aesthetics.

2. Structure of CNC machine

Drive motor, sensor

The drive unit consists of a spindle motor and a servo motor that moves the table.

The spindle is the part that generates the cutting speed and torque by rotating the tool or workpiece. High torque along with fast operating speed is an important factor affecting the main shaft motor part.

The servo motor can move when the table has such characteristics as high torque, instantaneous instantaneous speed, quick response, and can control both speed and position at the same time.

DC servo motor

The controller of this motor is designed using a simple circuit because the torque is proportional to the current. DC Servo motor has a wide speed range but low cost, when increasing the capacity, its temperature also increases.

Synchronous AC servo motor

This brushless motor has a design that allows the stator core to be cooled directly from the outside so it is resistant to the increase in the internal temperature of the motor. This engine has no top speed limiter because it has no spark.

Asynchronous AC servo motor

This type of motor has a simple structure and does not need a sensor for the relative position difference between the stator and the rotor. However, its disadvantage is that it cannot stop instantaneously like a synchronous AC servo motor.

Encoder

This is a device used to detect the current position of the motor shaft. It allows position control, which is attached to the end of the motor shaft. To be able to control the operating speed, the machine needs to be measured by the sensor system or calculated through the number of pulses generated in a unit of time.

Guide system for axes

Guides are mainly sliding rails (linear rails) which are used to increase the accuracy and smoothness of linear movements.

Expansion joints

If the lead screw and the servomotor are connected, make sure that the shaft centers coincide. However, this is very difficult to do. That's why the flexible coupling "appears". It is used to compensate for the deviation between the centerline of the ball screw and the motor shaft.

Hopefully, the above article has provided you with useful information about metalworking CNC cutting machines. Intech Vietnam Sheet Metal Joint Stock Company specializes in providing sheet metal products and high quality processing machinery and equipment with the most competitive prices in the market. Owning a team of experienced staff, modern equipment, we always firmly believe that we will bring customers the most satisfactory products.